Palestra a ser ministrada pelo Prof. Dr. Vinicius Placco do NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory – USA.
Resumo: The lowest metallicity stars in the Milky Way Halo are the fossil records of the earliest star-forming environments in the Universe. Chemo-dynamical studies of such rare objects can address a myriad of open questions, ranging from primordial nucleosynthesis and the mass function of the first stars to the nature of the astrophysical r-process and the early merger history of the Milky Way. The detailed abundance patterns of these stellar relics, which can only be obtained from high-resolution spectroscopy, help us build a clear understanding of the pathways that led to the chemical complexity we observe today. In this talk, I will present the status of near-field cosmology in the era of large-scale surveys. I will also describe recent results on the spectroscopic validation of low-metallicity stars selected from narrow-band photometry and the discovery of chemically peculiar stars in the Milky Way, which present chemical abundance patterns that match the ones from the ejecta of a neutron-star merger event and from zero-metallicity supernovae. Combined, these efforts are adding key pieces of information to help stellar archaeologists constrain the chemical evolution of the Universe and solve the intricate chemo-dynamical puzzle of the formation of the Milky Way.